causticus: trees (Default)
Somewhere I hang out on the internet, someone linked to entertaining post from some obscure imageboard, where the poster was attempting to make the case that the Irish saved Western Civilization after the fall of the Western Roman empire. This claim is based on factual knowledge of Irish Christian monks playing a very strong role in spreading Christian monasticism throughout Western Europe and preserving classical knowledge in literary in a world that was quickly going dark, so to speak.

The poster was obviously (to me) being comedic, or "memeing," as the kids today like to say. I do think there is something to this topic though. Very curiously, Ireland quickly converted to Christianity during the 5th-6th centuries and it seemed like it was done in a rather bloodless manner. But this raises an interesting question: where did all these super-literate Irish monks suddenly come from? Ireland had theretofore been a remote Island distant from the civilized world of Rome's expansive empire; in fact the Romans never conquered it or even bothered to try. So why were the Irish so eager and willing to take on the roles of preservers of classical civilization and spreaders of Christian monasticism?

My pet theory is that the remaining Druids of Ireland (or some faction or subset of them) saw the writing on the wall and preemptively converted to Christianity. These Druids became Christian monks and attempted to makeover Christianity in their own image, thus creating "Celtic Christianity" (which has mostly been memory-holed), which lasted awhile before eventually having to conform to the Roman model as institutional church infrastructure became more established throughout the British Isles.

I think this trend first started in Britain actually, circa the 4th century AD, where some learned Celtic Britons still had residual traces of Druidism in their culture and converted to Christianity with that mentality shaping their interpretation. See the Christian theologian Pelagius, who stressed the concept of free will and totally denied original sin. Augustine of Hippo was of course his archenemy because of that and everything we know today of "Pelagianism" is mostly Augustine's strawman version of whatever it was Pelagius actually taught.

In short, the Druids ended up making a brief comeback as the intellectual/spiritual class of Western Europe, this time in Christian monastic robes. The carried many of their old Druidic habits into the new faith they adopted. Being voracious lovers of knowledge, diligent preservers of culture, and charismatic poets and storytellers, were things that came as second nature to the Druids. So in my estimation, Druidry never really died out completely, but it sure did change form quite a lot as the classical world fell into ruins and gave way to the world of medieval European Christendom. Going from scrawling ogham fews on rocks to writing and copying alphabetic manuscripts is probably not as wide as a leap as it might seem.
causticus: trees (Default)
Copypasting here my response to a very fascinating Magic Monday thread topic [personal profile] jprussell started. His original question:

I recently heard about a hypothesis that the Old Testament is consciously modeled on Plato and is essentially an attempt to do what he recommended in the /Republic/ and take the known myths of a people and rework them to create a body of belief that would help forge a unified and virtuous people. Advocates of this theory point to similarities in the content and ordering of the Old Testament and Plato's presentation of "the Law," to the fact that we have no textual record of the Old Testament earlier than the time of the Septuagint, and some of the archaeological and textual evidence we do have (like the Elephantine letters) that show the Hebrews being fairly normal eastern Mediterranean polytheists with multiple Gods, temples, harvest festivals and the like, with no mention of things that we now know to be central to the religion (Moses, the Law, the Exodus, and so forth). Have you, JMG, or anyone else here, heard of this theory, and what kind of credibility do you give it? I've heard it second hand from intelligent and knowledgeable people, but it strikes me as one of those theories that might appeal precisely because it is contrarian. Some sources the folks I'm talking to are drawing from: Plato and the Creation of the Hebrew Bible by Russel Gmirkin and Biblical Interpretation Beyond Historicity edited by Ingrid Hjelm and Thomas Thompson


Here is my response (with some minor edits), which is actually to JMG's reply, but it very much expands on many of the things mentioned in the original question:

For starters, the Elephantine letters is slam dunk proof that polytheism was still quite normal among the Hebrews as late as the 400s BC. The letters even show friendly correspondence between the Elephantine community and the Jerusalem priesthood. So it seems Yahweh-only monolatry as a state-mandated policy in/around Judea would have been a rather late development, relative to the Hebrew Bible' internal chronology (which in the first place should be seen as legendary, rather than factual-historical).

The theory Jeff is referring to is a product of some rather recent developments in critical biblical scholarships, particularly the works of an academic by the name of Russell Gmirkin (as Jeff mentioned); he's published three extensive books so far which lay out his theory. In the first he makes a case, via comparative literary critique, that the Pentateuch has source dependency on the works of Berossus (Seleucid Babylonia), Manetho (Ptolemaic Egypt), and a number of Greek works. Now this is not to say that the stories within the Hebrew bible aren't ancient; many of them most certainly are. But the literary format and narrative those stories were encoded in are a product of the Hellenistic era, according to Gmirkin's thesis.

In his works he dated the penning of the Pentateuch to around 270-275 BC, and the whole affair was funded by the Macedonian-Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus; that he assembled all or most of the Jewish tribal elders in Alexandria and gave them access to the great library to help them compose their encyclopedic corpus. It was a known policy of the post-Alexandrian kings to employ local priests/scribes of newly conquered subject peoples to write extensive accounts of their own culture's history, lore, laws, and religious practices (see Berossus and Manetho I referred to above). So by this, the documentation Ptolemy wanted on his Jewish subjects is reflective of the same domestic policy other Macedonian Greek rulers implemented for their various other subject peoples. His other books (I only read his first so far) seem to go into extensive comparison between the Platonic corpus and the Hebrew bible.

Flavius Josephus in his histories of the Jews actually goes into vivid detail on how precisely the Septuagint was composed: in Alexandria and with the financial patronage of the Ptolemies, which coincides with Gmirkin's thesis (perhaps he got this idea from reading Josephus). I'll stop here because it would probably take me at least ten more paragraphs to fully flesh out the finer details of this theory.

From an esoteric standpoint, that 270s BC date seems quite interesting because this time period seems to coincide directly with the onset of the Age of Pisces. I believe this was also the approximate time of the Edicts of Ashoka in India (i.e. the first mass-deployment of religious missionaries). In the Middle East, this was also the time the first birth pangs of Magian religiosity, if we're to bring Oswald Spengler's theories into this equation.

Finally, I have to point out that the term "Judaism" needs careful consideration when used in the context of Greco-Roman antiquity. What we understand today as "Judaism" is merely one version of Hebrew religion dating to the Roman era. Particularly, it's a Roman-approved (after three failed revolts against the empire) form of Pharisee Judaism that later underwent considerable changes in the middle ages. There was actually a lot more ideological diversity in and around Hellenistic and Roman Judea/Palestine than most people today understand; the Gnostics, Essenes, and proto-Christians being prime examples (heck, we don't even know what the Sauducees actually believed). The Mandean religion that survives to this day may in fact be a preservation of older Judaic beliefs that have long been snuffed out everywhere else (perhaps an offshoot of the Essenes).

1700+ years of church propaganda asserting the Bible as a historical document (an infallible one at that!) has long made it politically incorrect to suggest that anything other than a literal reading of Biblical chronology is a historically-accurate version of the events that led up to the emergence and development of the Abrahamic religions. What the difference is today is that it's now finally permissible for researchers to propose and present alternative hypotheses.
causticus: trees (Default)
This is something I've been thinking about a lot as of late; the notion that the system of ethics and morality that governs our lives today in the contemporary West, is based not on Sacred Natural Law principles (what I'd term Ancestral Law), but rather a negative ethos based on the rejection of our older value system, which is the medieval European social order.

The so called 'enlightenment' period of Western intellectual culture which followed the Renaissance and Protestant Reformation, largely revolved around the rejection of Clergy and Nobility. Once Roman Catholic church authority was kicked to the curb, next came the various dogmas, theology, and moral presuppositions of mainstream Christianity as a whole.

Now, it doesn't help much here that Christianity itself is antinomian* in character, owing to the fact it rose in opposition of a preceding social order, which was that of the imperial Roman system of polytheistic cults. The old 'pagan' system derived its ethics and morality from various wisdom and mythological traditions which accumulated over a very long period of time; a composite umbrella tradition comprised of divine revelations from myriad sages, oracles, seers, bards, lawgivers, mystics, and other wise men.

So once Christianity was finally jettisoned from the intellectual leading edge of the rapidly-modernizing West, what exactly was there to fall back on? To be fair, the various liberal intellectuals did try to revival the classical Greek and Roman values, but only really in a rationalistic manner, one devoid of any divine pretenses. No one but a tiny handful of weirdos and eccentrics did anything super radical like worshiping the old gods once again! So what we were left with was a dry rationalistic intellectual culture that effectively left anything remotely numinous and magical in the hands of the various competing Christian churches. And the churches themselves were going in a rationalistic, a-numinous direction. No exalted person of 'enlightenment' consequence was really all that interested in renovating and re-distilling the ancient Divine Law for modern times (Thomas Taylor shall get a shout-out here); rather they were more fixated on what they were against rather than what they were for.

What we have today that passes for ethical values is almost entirely negative in nature; it's the ethics of what the individual deserves not to have done to them (the basis of 'negative rights'); very little is said about the duties and responsibilities the individual has to the social order (reciprocity). The infantile ravings of pseudo-intellectual vandals like JJ Rousseau illustrate this general attitude loud and clear. Heirs to Rousseau's 'tradition' (if we dare call it that) like the great scoundrel Karl Marx and his long line of followers, also had zero intention of building anything, much less anything sacred and time-tested. Those on the other side of this coin, like Nietzsche and Ayn Rand, had little to offer in response beyond intellectualized vulgar romanticism of various 'noble savage' fantasies (think: both Warrior and Merchant freed from any obnoxious restraints).

Fast forward to today and we can see precisely how this Lawlessness has been manifesting and wreaking havoc upon 'postmodern' Western civilization. If I may say, the only thing that may save us from total ruin is a rediscovery and re-presentation of the ancient Sacred Laws. Imagine the Delphic Maxims** being taught in elementary schools (Yeah, not gonna happen, as virtue*** and mental slavery mix like oil and water).

Finally, the positive: We do indeed have an Ancestral Law; one that comes from a multitude of sources and cultures which have fed into today's Western civilization. Our 'ancestors,' the Greeks, Egyptians, Persians, Romans, Teutonics, Celts, among others, have lots of interesting and insightful things to say on Divine Law and human nature.

__

*Yes, I'd say that Christianity is rather antinomian. The New Testament scriptures barely contain anything that could be construed as law-giving tradition; thus Christians end up punting the legal ball to the Old Testament in search of moral precepts. Of course, thanks to the rabble-rouser Paul of Tarsus, Roman Christians (and all the subsequent offshoots of the Roman Church) have always had a rather awkward relationship with the Mosaic Laws, which is a specifically Jewish code of religious laws. Remember that before the rise of Christianity, the Jews were little more than the inhabitants of a marginal Levantine polis; one of little consequence to the rest of the great Mediterranean civilization of the time, beyond the several diaspora communities they had in a handful of Roman cities. And thus their ancestral laws are of little relevance to the rest of the traditions which form the foundation of Western civilization.

**Meditating on these numinous precepts and aphorisms raises the seemingly-obvious notion that Athens indeed has no use for Jerusalem.

***Here I specifically mean Arete, not the warmed-over, secularized fire and brimstone craziness that passes for 'virtue' today.
causticus: trees (Default)
From a conversation I was having in a chat recently:

In my own view, Saul of Tarsus (St. Paul of the Christian tradition) would seem to be a rather tragic personage, and on his own abilities and personality, a sort of pseudo-knower (Gnostic). Granted, he must have been quite wise and intuitively-gifted, and probably had a fair number of profound spiritual experiences of his own. However, like many other failed initiates of his era, it seems apparent that he never bothered to master any of the systems of practice he had been involved with prior to starting his own cult (classic blunder of failed initiates). And thus he never effectively dealt with his own ego issues prior to having the bright idea (on the Road to Damascus, surely) of starting his own religion. And predictably, the cult he did found ended up being permanently tainted by his own ego-flaws. Paul could be seen as a classic example of the junior initiate who betrays the mysteries by sharing some of the teachings with the masses; which he most certainly did when he dumbed down some of the inner teachings (which he undoubtedly pilfered from whatever mystery cults he did actually belong) into into silly parables and simple doctrinal talking points. He would have called these digestible tidbits, 'milk for babes.'

Yes, it seems Saul was a rather complicated character. He was caught between two worlds, the Jewish and Hellenic (Platonic, to be more specific), and as a result had an inner identity conflict he tried to resolve though the hybrid cult he ended up trying to spread all over the Mediterranean. I suspect that earlier in his life he was an avid reader of both Plato and Philo's Jewish take on Plato's philosophy. And as I alluded to above, he probably also belonged to one or more Hellenic mystery cults, likely each with a Platonic or Neo-Pythagorean core theme; his lifetime and geographic region would have made a plausible case for him possibly having been a student of the great 1st century CE Neopythagorean sage Apollonius of Tyana, or perhaps a student of an offshoot school of his.

So at some point Saul had the bright idea of trying to convert fellow Jews to his own peculiar, rather dualistic and partially-Judaized interpretation of Platonic doctrines. And when that mostly failed he took his strange new cult doctrine to the non-Jews; mostly the Hellenes of various Anatolian cities of the Roman Empire. And for one reason or another, disaffected Hellenes were eventually joining his cult in droves, though in the letters we're clued into the probable reality that the laity and clergy were taught very different doctrines. In other words, the common rabble, with their vulgar, wordily understanding of reality, were starkly differentiated from the initiates who had tasted the first fruits of Gnosis. At this point in early Christianity, the Knowers and Hearers (to use the old Pythagorean organizational model) were members of the same Church body. At the new religion spread around further and gained more members it started schisming off into different sects. Undoubtedly, there were many hearers who were deemed unsuitable for initiation into the ranks of knowers, but that didn't stop them from thinking they had things figured out on their own, and the more egocentric among them would go off and forms their own churches, sans-knowers. And we all know how history proceeded from there.

I would agree with Nietzsche's assessment of Pauline Christianity being 'Platonism for the people.' This does indeed seem like what Saul was attempting to accomplish in spreading his new cult ideology around the Eastern parts of the empire. But this all raises the question, what did Saul actually himself believe? My best guess is that his beliefs were a combination of what I mentioned above (Judaic Platonism), coupled with a grab-bag of mystery school doctrines which were circulating around during the 1st century. Two primary ideas he would have understood were, (1) the cycle of rebirths human souls experience over countless lifetimes, and (2) the Precession of the Equionixes, which is the esoteric doctrine which informs on the Astrological Ages we experience here on Earth. A thorough understanding of the latter doctrine would inform the initiate that humanity at the time was entering a long 'dark age' and thus the next 6,000 years or so would be a time of sorrow, ignorance, crass materialism, degeneracy, non-virtuous living, and a whole host of other spiritual ills. In other words, a terrible time to incarnate on this planet. Perhaps to Saul, the best viable alternative would be to gain sufficient Gnosis in order to ascend into 'The Kingdom of Heaven' which really was just his own quasi-Judaized way of referring to Plato's realm of Perfect Forms. The idea was, "we must get out NOW, before it's too late!!" And here Saul conveniently borrowed the immanency and urgency of Messianic Jewish time-perception and incorporating it into his own bastardized set of public teachings. He may of purposefully withheld the (true) doctrine of reincarnation from the Hearers, possibly thinking that telling the truth would undermine the sense of urgency he was trying to convey to his followers. Though some of the later, more mystically-inclined Church Fathers like Origen (along with many of the so-called 'Gnostics') would openly profess the reality of reincarnation. Again, the problem with the teaching of reincarnation is that it undermines and subverts the sort of microscopic time scales Abrahamic religions revolve around (this is the #1 reason why the post-Nicene Roman Church tried so virulently to expunge this doctrine from the written record). If there are indeed countless lifetimes available to a human soul to grow and evolve, then the message of "Immediate Salvation in this very lifetime, noowwwwwww!!' is rightly seen as being immensely infantile, especially when foisted upon less-mature human souls.

In summary, I believe Saul of Tarsus was a failed initiate of the higher mysteries and an ardent popularizer of Platonism (or rather, his own understanding of Platonism). He tried in vain to share some of these teachings with the masses and as a result ended up creating countless more problems than he solved. Hell, even the New Testament (a direct product of Paul's teachings) warns against this very act!!

Do not give dogs what is sacred; do not throw your pearls to pigs. If you do, they may trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you to pieces.
-Matthew 7:6

As we know, the original core of initiates that constituted the leaders of early Christian movement were eventually trampled underfoot by the uninitiated literalists and dogmatists who later took over the church and remade it in their own cruddy image.

What a tragic figure indeed Paul was!
causticus: trees (Default)
This is a tentative 'speculative history' of Early Christianity I've been working on, according to my current level of knowledge and research on the religious climate of Late Antiquity Rome. This theory adopts a 'Christ Mythicist' view, which is the position that there was no 'historical Jesus' that closely matched the description of the Jesus Christ character we have in the Gospel narrative of the New Testament canon that is recognized by all variants of Mainstream Christianity that have survived to this day. The basic thesis here is that:

1. There were a great number of precursor sects, charismatic religious figures, movements, doctrines, and ideologies which led up to the formation of a distinctly-Roman Christianity; including but not limited to: The polytheistic cults of the Eastern Mediterranean and Neart East and the numinous symbolism each of them employed, Mystical Jewish sects like the Essenes and Nazarenes, Judeo-Platonic syncretistic philosophical works like those of Philo Judaeus, Alexandrian Greco-Egyptian syncretism in general, Jewish Messianic rebel movements, Jewish rabbis incorporating Stoic practices into their own teachings, ect.

2. The historical inspiration behind the Gospel narrative may have involved an Essene/Nazarene sect which played some role on the Judean revolt that began in 68 CE, and was crushed by the father-son team of Vespasian and Titus, with aid from the Herodian dynasty and allied monied interests from Alexandria. Much of this movement likely perished during the war, but the surviving elements may have spread to various Jewish diaspora communities throughout the cities of Asia Minor and other areas around the Eastern Mediterranean region. It may have been these groups who became the Ebionites. We can speculate this much: that that was probably nothing we'd today recognize as Christianity that existed during the 1st Century. Any precursor groups from that time would have been wholly Jewish in character. And then of course there was in abundance at that time, many pagan mystery cults that inspired the distinct Christianity that would form in the 2nd century.

3. Roman Chirstianity started off as a Judeo-Hellenic mystery cult during the early-mid 2nd century CE; the original structure consisted of an inner order of initiates who were able to understand the metaphors and symbolism of their "Jesus the Anointed" salvific figure that the outer teachings made references to. By this we could say that the cult had an outer order of hearers who received a more rudimentary set of teachings from the inner order; in summary, the outer circle would take spiritual and moral counsel from the inner clerical order of initiates. A religious scholar existing today who is able to time-travel back to their period would most certainly identify these first churches as being essentially 'Gnostic' in character according to contemporary definitions. Most of the initial converts to the early cult were probably thoroughly-Hellenzied diaspora Jews and gentile 'proselytes' (i.e. 'god-fearers') who had partially converted to Judaism, perhaps as a means of opting out of Roman civic society.

4. The mystery cult soon fanned out into a number of local churches scattered around the Eastern half of the Roman empire. it was in one of these churches, perhaps somewhere in an Asia Minor city where the first Gospel narrative was devised and written down. This was perhaps the first written codification of the Jesus story, which had prior been an oral legend. The scribes who penned the Gospel used a number of pre-existing literary sources, symbols, legends, and cultural motifs as a template to construct their own narrative. They re-imagined their Jesus savior figure as a parody of the life of the great first century sage and holy man, Apollonius of Tyana, combined with various stories of great Jewish rabbis from the last couple centuries prior. And for the narrative structure of the Gospel story, these scribes used the place-setting from Flavius Josephus's 'Wars of the Jews,' to provide a geographic venue for Jesus's preaching mission in the story. And finally, they employed the symbolism of the many dying-and-rising vegetation gods that were so common in the Near East during that time period. This first draft of the Gospel had many of the elements we would recognize centuries later in the version the state church would approve of as doctrinally-acceptable.

5. At some point early on there must have been a great number of schismatic movements, whereby a member (or several) from the inner order of initiates who had some sort of disagreement with the sect leadership, would split off and form their own new splinter sect. And it may have even been the case that in some instances, it was uninitiated hearers (undoubtedly ambitious and eager at the prospect of accumulating a band of followers) who branched off and formed their own churches, taking a more literalistic and matter-of-fact approach to the teachings. Lacking an understanding of the mystery symbolism and genuine spiritual teachings of the founding sect, these groups would fall back on a literal and legalistic reading of the Hebrew scriptures as a source of authority for their churches. Second century figures like Polycarp of Smyrna and Justin Martyr were probably the people who headed these counter-numinious splinter churches. Their doctrine was essentially a Stoic Judaism with a savior figure as the central focus. Some of these splinter churches took a middle ground between literalism and acknowledging mystery teachings. And among these groups, there were some that refused to acknowledge the authority of the Hebrew scriptures, much less the Mosaic laws contained within. It was Marcion of Sinope and his church which serves as a known historical example of the type of early church.

6. The early Churches which did retain their initiatory structures would increasingly incorporate Greco-Egyptian syncretistic ideas into their doctrines; ideas that were quite popular in Alexandria during the first several centuries of our common era. The Valentinian church doctrine and philosophy is likely quite indicative of what these churches were teaching at the time. These 'Gnostic' churches were certainly not so sectarian, exclusivist, and intolerant, like the more literalistic sects that would later coalesce into the state orthodoxy that formed in the 4th century. The Gnostic churches peacefully co-existed with other sects and mystery cults in what was then a vast sea of new religious movements. By the we would speculate that a wide swatch of early Christianity was indeed peaceful and respectful of the pluralistic religious climate of the Roman Empire in late antiquity. It just so happened that the more intolerant and dogmatic churches were the ones that contributed the most to the aforementioned orthodoxy that came about when Roman Christianity became THE state religion of Rome.

7. In summary, there was no one single Early Christianity, Early Christian Doctrine, or Early Christian church, going by the above facts and informed speculations. Rather, there was a constellation of different Christian sects, each having different doctrines and teachings. The Roman church's assertion that there was an unbroken chain of 'apostolic succession' going all the way back to the 1st century CE is a completely unfounded assertion, when we take all of the above information into consideration. There was especially not unbroken chain of doctrines and teachings going back that far that is ideologically compatible with any of the post-Nicene dogmas, proclamations, catechisms, ect. We know quite well from examining contemporary religious movements that the assertion of spurious lineages and pedigrees is all too common. Historical religious movements shouldn't be seen as being any exception to this general rule. And to claim that post-4th-century Roman Christianity is unique from this general trend would be a very clear use of the 'special pleading' fallacy.
causticus: trees (Default)
I've seen speculations like this floating around on the web for quite awhile now. And a commenter on JMG's Magic Monday has posed a question about the personages of Apollonius of Tyana and Jesus Christ being intertwined. The question was as follows:
Who was Apollonius of Tyana?

Was he the 'real' Jesus or just another person born during the grand conjunction that began the age of pisces, and the followers of Jesus managed to crowd out his followers?


JMG responded,
When the Piscean era dawned, its energies inspired a new religious dispensation, and quite a few prophets and messiahs responded to that in their own ways; the followers of Jesus happened to be the most successful in one part of the world, while the followers of Muhammad, the founders of Mahayana Buddhism, and so on were more successful in other parts of the world. That's the way this sort of thing usually goes -- and of course there was a steady supply of would-be prophets and messiahs straight through the Piscean era, some of whom launched large religious movements while others didn't succeed so well. We probably have more saviors to deal with before that impulse finishes guttering out.


Because of the cosmic energies involved with shaping each respective era of our journey here on Earth, there tends to be a lot of overlap between the attributes of the most influential figures during these specific time periods. And thus the tendency to speculate that several different historical people may have in fact been the same person. I do believe that some aspects of the popular accounts of the life of Apollonius of Tyana may have indeed been assimilated into the Jesus story that was later developed after Christianity became institutionalized. But with regard to actual beliefs and practices, Apollonius himself would have had very little to do most of the things that are associated with Jesus in a theological sense. Another commenter summed this up well.
Apollonius of Tyana was a Neopythagorean adept and he didn't have any messianic claim. Early Church Fathers mixed his life story with the archetype of "dying-and-rising god" to create their version of Jesus myth.


A common hazard among those of us who take a critical view of the the dogmatic Piscean religions is to take a view of hyper-parallelism when comparing and contrasting these religions and the most influential people associated with them. And this line of thinking can quickly escalate into outright conspiracy-theorizing, which of course usually ends up undermining the efforts of critical research on these topics. Crackpot theories creates an image that is just plain bad optics.
causticus: trees (Default)
I've been crisscrossing numerous theories in my head about how Christianity may have actually gotten its start; here I mean whatever was the real proto-Christianity that took root and spread around the Eastern area of the Roman Empire during the several centuries prior to its consolidation and codification as an official state doctrine with all the dogmas we recognize today as being mainstream Christianity.

Taking much inspiration from the so-called Mythicist school of critical Biblical scholarship, I'm pretty much now settled on the position that the personage of Jesus Christ, as depicted in the New Testament writings, was indeed a fictitious person and not a historical one. Now that is not to say that there were real people in and around 1st century CE Judea and the surrounding region that did not fit at least some aspects of the Jesus character. But that itself being true does not validate a literal, historical Jesus Christ.

So my basic working hypothesis now is that what we could today recognize as early forms of Christianity started during the early-mid second century somewhere in the Eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. My best guess was somewhere in Asia Minor (Anatolia). And this first movement did not just emerge out of a vacuum, but rather it branched off from an existing continuum of religious sects. So this first proto-Christian church probably came about as a Hellenic-style mystery school for either Proselyte Jews (gentiles who converted to Judaism, which seemed to be a big thing at the time) or Hellenized Jews who had become somewhat lax on strict law-adherence. Either of those choices would point to a location where a Jewish diaspora community awash in Hellenic culture might have been. The Mystery School would have been the core inner-circle of this new church, and the outer outer would have been a lay community of congregants who most likely lacked much of any knowledge of the mystery rites and practices of the core group. And what set this group apart from similar off-Jewish sects of the time would have been the use of Jesus narrative of the Gospels that we would recognize today. Though the original gospel story would probably not have looked exactly like the 4 that got officially canonized during the post-Nicean era, it may have somewhat resembled Mark without the obviously-interpolated ending part. In fact, most critical Biblical researchers these days agree that the other two 'synoptic' Gospels, Matthew and Luke, were probably based on Mark (or a similar older version, like the supposed "Q" source text). In other words, Luke and Matthew have source dependency on Mark.

Now, what would have this group based their savior myth and other doctrines on? Most likely, on numerous sources, which would have been in abundance from within the existing religions of the time. Dying/rising vegetation deities had been a thing for quite some time all over the Mediterranean and Middle East for millennia. The concept of a savior-incarnate would have drawn from very old heroic myths, with perhaps a borrowing from the mystical traditions of India; the stories of Krishna and the Buddha would have certainly spread into the rather-cosmopolitan Roman Empire of the first several centuries CE. Secondly, in the great cosmopolitan hub of Alexandria, there had already been a number of Greco-Egyptian and Judeo-Hellenic syncretist movements underway; a lot of the Jews living there had become so thoroughly Hellenized that some of the intellectually and mystically-inclined among them would have started mixing the Greco-Egyptian hodgepodge doctrines into their own Hebraic beliefs. Proto-Christianity would have certainly drawn from something along these lines. In fact, it was probably Alexandria and Asia Minor that were the two main starting epicenters of the early Christian movements.

One thing that does seem clear from reading the Gospel narrative is the pro-Roman attitude oozing out of the text (in contrast to the virulently anti-Roman sentiment of Jewish messianic groups of the time). If not due to later redactions and interpolations, this attitude might suggest that the original Gospel writer favored a doctrine that was not antagonistic toward the Roman authorities. And if we accept an early-mid 2nd century CE time for the initial writing of the first gospel, this would overlap directly with the several Roman-Jewish conflicts of that time period. First the uprising that took place in Judea from 66-70, which the Romans totally crushed, under the command of Vespasian and Titus. And several decades after that was the diaspora rebellion of 115-117, which we today refer to as the Kitos War. And then finally was the Bar Kokhba revolt which took place from 132-136. In other words this period was one of intense conflict between a rather vocal Jewish minority and their Greek/Roman rulers and the all-but-ubiquitous Hellenistic culture. During the heat of these conflicts it might have very well been a death sentence in any of the diaspora communities to belong to any Jewish group or sect that was overtly-hostile to Roman authority. And conversely, it would have been advantageous for Jews of the period to adopt a Roman and Hellenic-friendly variant of their own religion. By the later portion of the second century we already see approach clearly reflected in the rather-Stoic writings of Justin Martyr, whom later Church authorities considered to be one of their founding fathers. Though whether or not Justin Martyr was in actuality someone we could classify as Chirstian is perhaps a mystery that will never be solved; as 4th century Church scribes with a penchant for memory-holing earlier writings which conflicted with the post-Nicene narrative, maybe have simply retconned Justin's writings to fit said narrative. Anyway, I digress.

So let's say this new Roman-friendly Jewish cult became quite the sensation during the period of Roman-Jewish conflicts. Surely, many diaspora Jews and gentile converts were quite averse to being seen as rebels or people hostile to Roman rule; yet at the same time they wished to practice a type of religiosity that at the core was quite at odds with the traditional Greco-Roman religion and pretty much every established "pagan" religion (Many Romans considered Jews to be atheists, owing to their disbelief and/or disregard of the Gods). What a tough position to be in. But here with proto-Christianity, these people found a balance of sorts. And this early cult may have had the patronage of wealthy Roman citizens, or at least a few affluent and literate Jews who were thoroughly Hellenized, culturally-speaking.

And now we get to one of the core reasons I consider the first Gospel document to have been composed during the 2nd century, at the earliest. In his book The Christ Conspiracy, author and researcher Joseph Atwill draws an undeniable number of parallels between the Gospel story and the historical account Flavius Josepus (the Jewish turncoat who became a fixture of the Flavian court after the war) of the Roman-Jewish War of 66-70. Now I don't go as far as Atwill and thus I refrain from jumping to the conclusion that proto-Christianity was a deliberate creation of the Flavian regime, but I do see the evidence he brings to the surface as supporting the hypothesis that whichever person or group wrote the first version of the Gospel narrative, probably used the works of Josephus as source material for at least composing the story's setting. No conspiracy theory is required to support this explanation. Any person or group with sufficient resources (like access to a major library) and basic literary acumen could have composed new religious texts using already-existent source works. (This is pretty much how all new religions come about anyway)

So by this we can speculate that the first wave of proto-Christian efforts had a wealthy sponsor or two. And now we arrive at the curious figure of Marcion of Sinope (Asia Minor), who was a very-wealthy shipping magnate said to have headed his own Church. Marcion was later disavowed and declared a 'heretic' by the post-Nicean state church. Anyway, a man like Marcion would have certainly had the resources to employ a few scribes and researchers; enough of an effort to throw together some new religious literature. From what little we know it seems that Marcion's variant of early Christianity took a rather anti-Torah approach and likely appealed to both Jews and Proselyte converts who had quite a zeal for Jewish-like religiosity, yet harbored little love for any pedantic approach to the Mosaic Law and the legalistic tradition built around it. By the 2nd century, the major cities of the Empire had become full of malcontents who were ripe to jump aboard any new social movement which postured itself as a rebuke to the established and decadent mainstream institutions of the time. Proto-Christianity would have been one among many movements of this type. Roman Mithraism, and the the Cults of Isis and Cybele, were among other examples of this type. As an overall trend, it seems there was a sort of "Orientalism" of late antiquity that took hold of the popular imagination.

We can see in the 'authentic' letters (epistles) of 'Paul' the forensic clues of how the first Christian groups likely spread around the map. I've seen Mythicist author and researcher Robert M. Price speculate that the 'Paul' of those epistles may have in fact been a pseudonym and alter-ego of Marcion himself; perhaps with the memory of a few authentic historical people tossed into this probable composite character of 'Paul'. We know from observing the ways new religious movements are formed in our current era, that contrived and concocted pedigrees and lineages is a common method of persuading new members of the religious group in question that the tradition is much older than it actually is. And we can easily apply this MO to the formation process of Christianity. Come to think of it, how are the supposed 'Apostles' any more real (in the literal sense) than HP Blavatsky's 'Mahatmas' or the 'Ascended Masters' of the various New Age groups which spawned from her fraudulent works?

So whomever this 'Paul' figure is supposed to represent, was the mean by which the Jesus story first spread around; it's evangelists started 'churches' in various locales and certainly after that there were a number of copycat movements purporting to be the original lineage. These various groups likely hit up the Jewish communities as their first targets of evangelizing and then after that, disaffected gentiles. The proto-Christian movement would have featured a wide spectrum of different beliefs, and most importantly, different approaches to interpreting and incorporating the Jewish Canon (i.e. the Old Testament) into their respective doctrines and practices. This would have run the gamut from outright Torah rejection (the Marcionites, various 'Gnostic' sects, among others) to full Torah adherence (Ebionites and similar groups). And somewhere in the middle would have been the approach of harmonizing the inclusion of the Torah and Tanakh and authoritative revelatory texts, while at the same time placing emphasis on and precedence of the new Christ revelation. This middle position seems to have been the basis of what would later evolve into the 'Orthodoxy' which the post-Nicean state church would champion. Another spectrum within Early Christianity to consider would have been the range of esotericism to literalism practiced within the group in question. Again, this differed a lot by group/sect. It very well may have been that the first proto-sect to spread the Gospel story around did indeed intepret it in a totally allegorical manner, and that the later literlization and historicization of that story was a corruption rather than something based on an authentic view of the earliest users of the Jesus myth.

Regarding the OT question, it's actually quite logical that the 4th century state Chuch would pick the middle approach, as it would be the most appealing to the greatest number of Christian. But as a result of this process, all the various Churches (and their differing doctrines) which would comprise early Christianity, would have to be harmonized, and thus homogenized, into a single unifying doctrine. And thus we see today why there are so many contradictions and plot holes on the NT canon when its looked at as a whole corpus.

So by this we can picture Early Christianity as being quite doctrinally-diverse, and not a homogeneous orthodoxy later Church historians would pretend it was. Much of what would have been authentic Early Christian belief and practice would have eventually been dumbed down or even lost as the state-sponsored orthodoxy both assimilated and snuffed out the earlier variants of Christianity. And thus, what we know today as Christianity should really be called Churchianity.
causticus: trees (Default)
Note: the following is from an archived web page. In other words, I am not the author of this. However I thought it would be nice to mirror this chronology here, as it quite well demonstrates up close how the mess of epic proportions known as Constantinian-Pauline-Abrahamism gradually/incrementally unfolded and metastasized.

Beginning of text:

The idea that Christians persecuted Pagans is a fairly new one in the world of scholarship. Ramsay MacMullen dates its inception to 1986 with Noethlichs and says that “Christian readiness for action carried to no matter what extremes has not always received the acknowledgment it deserves in modern accounts of the period” and that “prior to the 1980s, readers will be hard put to find Firmicus’ word ‘persecution’ describing the conduct of the Christian empire toward its non-Christian subjects.” He notes that R.M. Price in 1993 attributes the “’absence of continuous religious strife’ to ‘a general determination in Late Roman society to minimize the divisiveness of religious differences’ (yes, by extermination).” It is almost a certainty that most Christians are unaware of this process of genocide carried out by their religion.[1]

In the end, neither alleged (but wholly mythical) social egalitarianism nor thirst for a superior religious experience drove conversion in the fourth century; fear did. Ramsay MacMullen has noted the penalties and incentives used by the Christian authorities to speed conversion:
Government…at the urging of the bishops weighed in with threats, and more than threats, of fines, confiscation, exile, imprisonment,flogging, torture, beheading, and crucifixion. What more could be imagined? Nothing. The extremes of conceivable pressure were brought to bear. Thus, over the course of many centuries, compliance was eventually secured and the empire made Christian in truth.[2]
What this list demonstrates is not only the long history of persecution of ethnic religion in the Christian Roman Empire, but also the enduring nature of Paganism in the face of these persecutions.

Note: This list is incomplete and will continue to be updated. It is also limited to the persecution of classical Mediterranean Paganism; it does not begin to address the genocide of European Paganism after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

All dates given are C.E. (Common Era). Permission is granted to reproduce this table by the author so long as authorship remains intact.

Read more... )
causticus: trees (Default)
Remark from Reddit: "I can’t remember which church schism it was, but it related to the thought that the Old Testament God is not the same God of the New Testament."

My response:

There were actually a good number of early churches which did not recognize the Jewish/OT god as the True God. And they each devised slightly different myths to explain why the OT god is flawed, inferior or even evil. This division actually started before Christianity came to be. The Sethians, who likely predated the first Christian sects by at least a century, started off as a group of disaffected Jewish mystics living in Alexandria who much preferred Platonic teachings. The Sethians simply flipped the script and declared the OT god to be the devil. (Many subsequent Gnostic groups would follow suit) And then during the 1st century CE there was Philo of Alexandria. Though he remained a pious Jew throughout his life, he devises and hammered out an esotericized Jewish theology that was essentially Platonic in character. While Philo's work didn't make a lasting effect on the Judaism of his time period (though it may have influenced Kabbalah centuries later), it essentially was a blueprint for what would become the core Christian theology. For example, the allegory of the Word/Logos becoming flesh was one of Philo's innovations, among several others.

The standard Christian canon is an unresolved and rather schizophrenic attempt at reconciling an all-good Platonic godhead with a rich and voluminous Hebrew scriptural base plagued by a very flawed god; the church fathers eagerly utilized the Jewish canon as an easy means to bolster their claim that Jesus Christ was prohphecized centuries before his coming, and thus convince lots of simple-minded people to join their cult. The very blatant incongruity between these two clashing god concepts was haphazardly paved over by the church and thus never explained in anything resembling a coherent or logical manner. And thus all the violent mob attacks, book burnings, witch hunts, heresy hunts, ect. when any sane mind dared to point out this gaping wound in the entire edifice.
causticus: trees (Default)
My short answer would be No.

According to my knowledge on the matter thus far, Gnosticism is merely a worldview or metaphysical attitude. It's the simple idea that the material realm/world/reality is a flawed creation and that it is the ultimate spiritual mission of every human being to transcend the material state and attain an immortal state in the higher realms of spirit. The more extreme dualist Gnostics have claimed the material realm to be a malevolent creation of an evil being. When "Gnostic" is uttered in casual conversation, the latter attitude usually comes to mind first.

They may be no religion we can call Gnosticism, but there were and are Gnostic versions of various religions. The most obvious example is Gnostic Christianity. But even that is not a religion, but rather a common theme found across many variants of early heterodox Christianity. The Valentinian church would be an example of a Gnostic Christian religion. We also can reference truly cosmopolitan Gnostic religions like Manichaeism, which came about as a syncretism of nearly every major world religious current of its time (3rd century CE). Mazdakism was probably a Gnostic version of Zoroastrianism. Kabbalah is arguably a Gnostic doctrine but many self-professed Gnotics today (not to mention Kabbalah-practicing Jews) would probably disagree with that distinction; it's only really true if we also consider the rather wide umbrella known as Hermeticism to be a Gnostic system. And finally, we can consider various Eastern religions and spiritual systems to be Gnostic.
causticus: trees (Default)
1. This first point is a succinct reiteration of some other points I had made on the first list. Namely, that institutionalized (i.e. mainstream) Christianity has always been a sectarian affair with a rigid believer/nonbeliever binary Christian clergy have used over the many centuries to divine all of humanity into opposing "with us" vs. "against us" camps. Under this system there is zero middle ground, nor are people allowed to have any freedom of conscience; more specifically, freedom to form their own beliefs and opinions on metaphysical subject matter. Mainstream Christianity is supremely sectarian, and for me, compulsory belief and religious tribalism together is the ultimate deal-breaker. Full stop.

2. In my opinion and from the perspective of the great Western esoteric tradition, any attempt to claim a godform or archetype as a literal, real, historical person in anything resembling a matter-of-fact way (like the Gospel drama/myth does), is supremely vulgar act and a profaning of the great mysteries. Such an endeavor is what charlatans and mind-control cultists do in an opportunistic attempt to gain as many unthinking followers as possible. As I stated on my first list, I do not believe Jesus of Nazareth to have been a real historical person.

3. I do however believe that Jesus was created out of thin air by the New Testament compilers and editors (whomever they may have been), but that in the realm of ideas, Jesus is a very real entity. As an idea, Jesus Christ is composite godform; effectively a of mashup of Dionysus, Apollo, Mithras, Horus and very likely some Eastern inputs like Krishna and the Buddha. As a whole, Jesus Christ is a solar godform. On his name itself, Jesus Christ may in fact have been concocted out of an attempt to create a "Dionysus-Krishna" compound name, as we know "Ies" was the Phoenician name for Dionysus/Bacchus and adding the Greco-Roman os/us masculine proper noun suffix to the name would render "Iesus"..in other words, Jesus. The creations of composite gods for political purposes was nothing new at the time. Not long before Christianity came to be, the Macedonian rulers of Egypt combined the worship of Osiris and Apis into the compound god Serapis. They constituted this new cult for the Egyptian masses they ruled over at the time.

4. As we can see, the creators of the NT narrative were syncretists and they borrowed from every religious tradition they could get their hands on at the time in order to create their new chimera-savior god. Why should I or any independently-thinking person worship a fake god with a fake historical narrative attached to its legacy?

5. The clear answer is: I should not. And I'm under zero obligation to, since Christian institutions have lost so much power over the past several centuries that not a single Church anywhere in the Western world still has the power to force their dogma and demand for sectarian affiliation upon the general public. Why would I voluntarily throw my lot in with a crappy religion that I'm under no obligation whatsoever to affiliate with?

6. Having said all of this, now I can move on to some positive remarks regarding the archetypal aspects of the Jesus godform. But first I must say that in this day and age, we all have choice. As an archetype or ideal form, Jesus is a symbol of light, love, healing, altruism, spiritual rebirth, spiritual illumination and spiritual community-building. And on an ever higher metaphysical level, he personifies "the Logos" which is essentially the active, create and radiant aspect of creation. In essence, the Logos is the masculine aspect of Natural Law. In the Mazdean and Vedic systems, this is the fiery Asha and Rta, respectively. My point in bringing all this up to to put fort the idea that we can use any number of similar godforms to serve as a vessel for this holy and luminous archetype. Why not allow the people to choose between other solar/savior/healer figures like Apollo, Mithras, Dionysus, Krishna, Balder, ect.? Different people can choose a different godform based on their own personality type, aesthetic preferences, or really whatever one resonates with them the most. And event the sacraments, art and ritualism of traditional Christianity has been recycled into whatever new cults arise. Let's face facts: the ritualism of Christianity was stolen for earlier systems anyway. So why not just repossess these elements?

7. Finally, I do recognize that many good people will wish to retain worship of Jesus, which of course is all fine and good. Jesus worship can be cleaned up and purged of its historical blemishes. But at the same time there will be many who don't want to bother with what they see as centuries of blood-soaked baggage and spiritually-enslaving dogma. For the latter group, they can simply adopt another solar godform.
causticus: trees (Default)
Here is a note I recently sent off to a Christian upset about a series of "Christian-bashing" posts from fellow Westerners on a certain internet platform. This poster made the common error of assuming that people taking issue with Christianity must have pent-up psychological issues or a lack of understanding on what the Christian faith really is (more like what this person believes it to be).
You might want to ask about people's specific backgrounds before assuming the reasons and motivations of why they might harbor certain opinions. For example, you might discover that a lot of "Christian-bashers" may have been raised in staunchly Christian households and thus know the faith quite intimately. And of course others may have not. Everyone has a slightly different situation and place they are coming from.

A major reality you have to face is that we now have free choice in terms of what we can believe and disbelieve. Christian institutions in the West no longer enjoy the exclusive power of violently forcing their ideology onto the masses and thus making Christian beliefs and practices compulsory for everyone. Now that your religion's monopoly has eroded, it has to compete in the ideological free market just like everyone else's has to. Heretic-hunts and inquisitions will no longer keep people in churches. Ham-fisted and fear-based tactics will simply scare people off and they'll go looking elsewhere for spiritual answers. My own prediction is that spirituality in general is going to move away from sectarianism and become more personal and individualized in terms of practices and beliefs people take on. Take a look at how pluralistic Eastern spiritual traditions are, for example.

Some soul-searching and introspection might be in order among you and your co-religionists. If you guys can re-tool your Jesus cult to fit emerging paradigm, then Christianity is some form will survive and may even thrive. But to double down on the old ways will simply mean you get left in the dust. You guys do have quite fertile ground to work with. Despite the decline of institutional Christianity, the image of Jesus Christ is still one of the most potent and righteous light-bearing thought-forms in the Western psyche.


I'm quite curious to know where this exchange might lead. The cynical/realist side of me says this person will probably just double down and nothing productive will come out of this. But I do really like unexpected surprises and I always have my hopes up, even if it's just in the form of a faint glimmer.
causticus: trees (Default)
I feel like I need to expand upon one of the points I made in my previous post on why I can never be a Christian. I said:
Because I do not believe that the Hebrew canon as a complete narrative is of a divine source, nor do I believe that ANY of the stories or myths contained within should ever be taken at literal face value as matter-of-fact historical accounts or ontological axioms, I cannot buy into concepts like "original sin" as being real or relevant to the human condition.

Having said that, I do believe that humans do indeed suffer from a sort of "default ignorance," owning to most of us being alienated from out higher spiritual nature. Of course this condition is very poorly explained by the Garden of Eden narrative. In fact, I believe the Garden myth actually inverts the truth on the human condition. Knowledge of "good and evil" (or duality in general) is what separates humans from mere beasts. We are endowed with the ability to make decisions using criteria more elaborate than animalistic impulses and whims. We have higher consciousness and sentience.

With humans, this great power falls on a spectrum. Many people go though life barely ever using their powers of higher reasoning. Instead, they merely react to external stimuli. People usually just acquiesce to the commands and suggestions of people much more powerful, dominant and influential than them. And even without direct commands from others, the path of least resistance is for people default to ingrained habits that have accumulated though years of life experience and solidified confirmation bias.

Default Ignorance is the result of people turning away from their inner divine spark and instead giving into their desires for quick and easy material comforts and conveniences. Default Ignorance is just sticking to what we know and refusing to look inward or outward for higher wisdom. IMHO, Plato's dialogues (among many other pieces of wisdom literature) do a much better job at explaining the ignorant state of humanity than the silly Garden Myth can ever do. The cynical side of my mind wants to say that the purpose of that myth was to keep the common rabble away from dabbling with mysticism and magic, which is something organized priesthoods have been scaring away the little people from doing for quite some time. We even see a modern equivalent of this attitude somewhat reflected in the knee-jerk evangelic Protestants have to any and all expressions of spirituality which fall outside the scope of Biblical liberalism; they declare anything deviating from that as being "Satanic" or "Luciferian" or "Demonic"..ect; you get the picture. On an esoteric level, "Lucifer" is just a catch-all term for the various Titanic powers occultists would associate with magic, esoteric mysticism and higher metaphysical inquiry. In actuality, these higher powers are tools. And just like any other tool, this set of tools can be used for both creative or benevolent or destructive or malevolent purposes. By itself, it is neutral.

We could look at the "Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil" as symbol of these higher powers. It is the secret sauce that scared the shit out of muggles and normies. However I'm not going to single out the ancient Jews for demonizing our higher powers. There was a general Iron Age Mediterranean attitude which embraced fatalism and took an antagonistic attitude toward Titanic spiritual powers. The Greek attitude expressed in the Prometheus myth has some thematic similarity (though in a more nuanced manner) to the act of Eve eating from the Tree of Knowledge. Both are presented as beings acts of divine disobedience. For Prometheus, reaching up into the heavens and grabbing onto the higher powers suggested the moral hazard (slippery slope) of "stealing the fire of the gods" and proceeding to torch everything in sight. Ya know, just for the lulz. In the case of Eve, it's subtly implied that the "god" of the Garden of Eden wishes to keep his human creations ignorant. Or maybe it was just a test. Who knows; the "god" of the OT actually seems like a whole plethora of different beings rolled up into one.

Anyway...no, mankind is not cursed with "original sin." All we are "cursed" with are the material bodies our souls are chained to. Another way of looking at this condition is that of a training process rather than a curse. Of course this training process narrative requires the belief in some form of reincarnation. Priesthoods obsessed with controlling people's thoughts and behaviors tended to shy away from accepting reincarnation as valid. Or they developed perverted interpretations of Karma. The latter would function as a sort of backdoor "original sin" whereby a priest could claim a person is cursed by the misdeeds of many previous lifetimes. Of course, from a higher spiritual perspective, no fallible person like a priest has any business pretending to know all about another person's soul business beyond that of a current lifetime.
causticus: trees (Default)
Quite simple: I can never become what I do not believe in. Here are some very simple reasons, from a Pagan and Gnostic perspective:

1. I do not believe an ancient Hebrew tribal god created the cosmos. Nor did this entity create everything within the cosmos, including humans. Nor do I believe this Hebrew tribal god is anything more real than a literary creation.

2. I do not believe that the Hebrew scriptural canon, i.e. the Tanakh, which is known to Christians as the Old Testament, is the inerrant "word" of any divine being, much less a single divine being who created the cosmos.

3. Because I do not believe that the Hebrew canon as a complete narrative is of a divine source, nor do I believe that ANY of the stories or myths contained within should ever be taken at literal face value as matter-of-fact historical accounts or ontological axioms, I cannot buy into concepts like "original sin" as being real or relevant to the human condition. And most importantly, I do not believe that one culture's gods, religion or mythology should be forced upon other peoples, nor should any dualistic "us vs. them" ideology be built around the acceptance or rejection of a particular belief system.

4. I do not believe in the factual reality of Hebrew prophecy, as depicted by the prophetic books contained with the Tanakh. I do believe that Jewish temple priest-scribes did write these prophetic accounts several centuries after the events depicted within each respective accounts; they wrote these stories as a way of explaining real historical events as having divine significance in accord with the overall religious and political narrative they wanted to convey.

5. Because I do not believe Hebrew prophecy to be anything more than mere myths, I do not see any validity or significance in the attempts of the New Testament to tie in the Gospel narrative of Jesus Christ with Hebrew prophecy. My own take on this is that the early churches concocted the prophecy narrative out of thin air in order to sell their new cult (i.e. gain converts) to the many Hellenized Jewish communities spread throughout the Eastern Mediterranean region of the Roman Empire. These prophecy shenanigans were nothing more than a cheap conversion tactic.

6. I do not believe the Gospel narrative of Jesus Christ to be a factual depiction of real historical events. Since I don't believe in original sin, I cannot believe that Jesus came to die for our nonexistent sins. I do not believe that Jesus even "came" in the first place, at least not in any fashion as depicted in the Bible. I am however open to the idea that the Jesus character may have been based on one or more real historical figures from the 1st century CE Levant region.

7. Since I don't believe that the Jesus of the Gospels was a real historical person, I cannot believe he was the son of anyone, be it a mortal or a god. Of course I don't believe that humans can ever be the offspring of anyone other than other humans. However, I do recognize that a person being a "son of" a god or gods is a mythological trope that long predates Christianity. IMHO, there is great allegorical value contained within this trope.

In short, I don't believe Jesus existed according to the canonical Gospel accounts. I don't believe Jesus was the "son of God." I don't believe the Hebrew god is real, much less that he/it created the entire cosmos. I don't believe that Hebrew prophecy is anything more than mythology or a literary narrative. And I wholeheartedly believe that sectarianism is poison, along with all the nasty trappings that come with sectarianism.

Basically, I'd fail every checkbox requirement for having faith in any variant of mainstream Christianity.

But having said all that I do earnestly believe there's many wonderful teachings contained within the New Testament and that from an archetypal perspective, the figure (what I like to term a 'godform') of Jesus Christ has been an unceasing source of goodness/righteousness, love, divine inspiration and blessings upon people for many centuries. Hopefully a church body devoted only to the archetype and magical essence of Jesus will live on long after the institutional religion and all its assorted baggage dies off. This body can live on side-by-side with religious orders devote to many of the other great teachers, sages and divine personages that have graced humanity over the many centuries.
causticus: trees (Default)
Here is an interesting article news story that caught my eyes earlier today. It's about US Navy sailors who hold religious services rooted in Norse paganism aboard aircraft carrier.

Heathenry is experiencing a resurgence.

The polytheistic religion, one that traces its origin to Norse myths that tell of the universe’s creation and prophesy its destructive end, was at one time stifled following the end of the Viking Age and the subsequent spread of Christianity.

One such collections of myths, “The Prose Edda” — authored by Icelandic historian and politician Snorri Sturluson sometime around the year 1220 — provides much of what the modern world knows about Norse mythology: Yggdrasil, Asgard and the Aesir, a tribe of gods and goddesses with names like Odin, Thor, Loki, Frigg and Idun.

Now, nearly 800 years after Sturluson’s “Edda,” a small group of sailors aboard the aircraft carrier John C. Stennis has adopted these deities as the pillars of their religion, according to a Navy release.


My only opinion on this is simply, good for them! Anyway, the comment reactions to this story from shrieking ('autistic screeching' in 4chan parlance) evangelical Christians were pretty entertaining and entirely predictable. The responses fall along the lines of:

1. See, this is evidence of Satantic cults everywhere; the spiritual war is real!
2. Those evil and depraved heathens are probably sacrificing children!!!
3. Who needs old superstitious Norse mythology when we have Jesus to save us from our sins???

My response to these sentiments:

1. Yeah, just a couple decades ago you idiots were claiming that Dungeons % Dragons and heavy metal music were nothing but fronts for secret "Satan" worship. [Fallacy: ANYTHING THAT ISN'T EXACTLY MY RELIGIOUS BELIEFS IS EVIL/SATANIC/DEPRAVED/BLASPHEMOUS]
2. Dude, your entire religion revolves around human sacrifice. Glass houses, glass houses. [PROJECTION]
3. Ok, so let me get this straight: Norse mythology is just mythology and superstition, whereas Hebrew mythology is scientific fact? Whatever you are smoking, pass it this way. Wait...on second thought, I think I'll pass. [Again, PROJECTION]

I long for the truly old days when we go just each go about our business believing (or not believing) in any variant of whatever mythology or cosmological schema we want to without any real threat of harassment, coercion or character assassination. Maybe fundamentalist Christian will learn their lesson on this now that SJWs are coming for them. Then again, they probably won't learn a damn thing.

Oh well... Hail Odin!
causticus: trees (Default)
My short answer is the first question is: No. Well, not unless the speech in question starts to demonize and dehumanize people who don't follow the religion of the speaker. Attacking mere ideas does not mean the denigration of people and groups. The second question I'll address further down.

First off, I need to state that "hate speech" has become a horribly-abused weasel term and has thus lost whatever meaningfulness it once had. The regressive left (SJWs, Neomarxists, Intersectional cultists, ect.) considers "hate speech" to be any form of speech which challenges their ideology and agenda. And of course big corporations (particularly Silicon Valley) have jumped on the "hateful bigots are under every couch cushion" moral panic bandwagon and used it as an excuse to engage in draconian censorship campaigns.

Having gotten that out of the way, I can get to my main point here: that many conservatives today can be rather schizophrenic and hypocritical when it comes to the hate speech concept. Take the popular conservative stance on Islam, for example. More specifically, the role of Muslim communities in Western countries. Christian conservatives in particular will waste no time in getting outraged at any unflattering things Islamic preachers say about the Christian religion, yet fail to apply that standard to Christian preachers who constantly denigrate other religions and worldviews like atheism.

I would argue that when an Imam tells his congregation things like, "the belief that Jesus was the son of God is offensive/blasphemous!" Zzzzzzz....boring. Such utterances are no worse or extreme than Christians claiming that nonbelievers are going to burn in hell for eternity. Islamic preaching in the West however becomes dicey when preachers:

(1) tell their congregants to self-segregate and resist assimilation, and worse,
(2) incite their followers into committing violent acts. Any responsible Western government would be vigilant toward discovering and rooting about those above two actions.

The first is a direct violation of the good-will and good-faith inclusiveness of Western society. And of course the second is a manifest national security threat. The second can easily be classified as hate speech when violent rhetoric and open calls for violence is directed toward specific groups of people.

What conservatives do rightfully point out though is the fact that Muslim hate speech often gets treated leniently or is even gets a free pass nowadays. Under the new "rules" dictated by intersectional leftist/SJW dogma, Muslims are monlithically deemed to be an "oppressed group," because a lot of Muslims happen to have brown skin or something (yeah, Islam isn't a race), and that the Muslim world as a whole is much poorer and undeveloped compared to the West. And voila, Muslims as a whole are victims of the evil West!! (and white people by proxy). As a result of this nonsensical leftist ideology, Muslims are now free to spew the most vile hate speech imaginable, while anything a white Christian says that doesn't bend the knee to Neoliberal globalism is put under a microscope and scrutinized down to every last detail. Islamist ideologues in the West have taken advantage of this new (anti)intellectual climate and have used it to advance their own agenda. The can freely spew their own bigotry and can act in bad faith all they want; but when any non-Muslim dares to call it out, they can simply claim the challenger is being a hateful bigot who is "punching down" at their poor little oppressed self. And the cultural left today totally eats up that (non)argument. Farcically, many regressive leftists now consider Islamists to be their "allies" in fighting "the man." This should be the dictionary definition of Useful Idiot.

In all fairness, if any speech criticizing Islam is "hate speech," then the same can be said of, any speech critical of the ideas/doctrine contained within ANY religion. Yeah, let's go ahead and apply that fair-and-balanced standard and see where we end up on the debate stage.

So back to the title: Is sectarian-dick waving hate speech? No, not when it merely denigrates ideas and abstract concepts. But when that speech starts going after specific people according to ethnic, racial, religious criteria, then sure. Otherwise, no idea, set of ideas, dogma or abstract concepts are sacred and protected in the general sense; there's simply too many competing belief systems among humans for that sort of thing to be even remotely tenable as enforceable policy.
causticus: trees (Default)
I'm much in agreement with this analysis. The OT/Tanakh contains many supremely skewed accounts of the histories. cultural and folkloric practices of various Near Eastern peoples. The book (more like a sprawling corpus) altogether is a political narrative, not an objective study of anything. From TC:
I do not recommend using the Bible for reference when trying to learn about ancient worship practice. The Bible is a mixture of false histories and plagerized [sic] scripture from other civilizations. And the Bible perverts most of what was stolen. Baal is a title not a Gods name, but so you will see many references to Baal because they simply site him by title. So Baal can be different Gods depending on source and context. Even the alleged Yahweh of the Hebrew has seven different names in the old testament and may not always be the same God. The ancient Hebrews were not monotheistic as is commonly taught.

Good point on Baal, which was just a title among the Northwest Semitic peoples (Canaanites) of antiquity; there were a number of deities which contained the name Baal. It translates as something along the lines of "Lord." In other words, it was something rather generic. We find a similar word, "Bel" in Akkadian, which was another ancient Semitic tongue. Idiot conspiracy nuts, usually of the fundamentalists evangelical Protestant persuasion, like to throw around "Baal" as being a name for Satan or whatever. Actually, they believe anything that isn't 100% their version of "God" or Jesus to be Satan. These mouth-breathing sorts know absolutely zilch about history, comparitive religion, philosophy or really anything that's intellectually a single notch above believing in their Bible in the most literal, word-by-word manner.
causticus: trees (Default)
My first statement on this is quite simple: In my view, the OT/Tanakh as a whole is not an accurate historical chronicle, but rather a narrative which a small circles of priestly scribes compiled at some point during the Second Temple period. In actuality, there was probably at least a several centuries of edits, redactions and interpolations performed upon the various OT books before the entire corpus was set into its "finalized" form we know of today. Perhaps the most important question to ask is: who exactly were these priest-scribes and why did they concoct the specific narrative that became the Jewish religion? Of course I don't have the answer to that, nor will I ever in this lifetime; however one can certainly poke and prod around for clues.

But first, my own timeline-outline understanding of what the "real" historical events and trends behind the OT narrative may have been, based on years of extensive research and deep thought:

1800-1550 BCE
This period was probably the supposed time of the first Jewish patriarch Abraham and his early progeny. In all actuality Abe is a purely mythological figure, possibly based on a real personage known through some sort of old Canaanite oral tradition. This also happens to be the time period of the Hyksos invasion of Egypt, which brought on Egypt's Second Intermediate Period. During this period a population of foreigners, probably a mix of Semitic Amorites and Indo-European Hittites (and possibly Minoans from Crete) ruled over the Northern (Nile Delta/Lower Egypt) half of Egypt.

After about 200 years, native rules from the South (Upper Egypt) based in Thebes revolted and launched a series of military campaigns against the foreign occupiers in the North and eventually ousted them. Ahmose, the leader of this great patriotic restoration of native rule and the founder of the 18th dynasty and the New Kingdom, sent the Hyksos packing and on their merry way up into the Levant sometime around 1550 BCE. This was in fact the first great "exodus" of a foreign people out of Egypt. Those foreigners who weren't bounced out may have remained in Lower Egypt as a permanent agricultural peonage class. Some of the stories about Abraham's early progeny may have been based on events that transpired in Egypt during Hyksos rule; some of these patriarchs may have been Hyksos pharaohs (i.e. foreign usurper-rulers) or perhaps influential advisors to them. The evicted Hyksos may have become bands of brigands, warlords and petty chieftains in various locales in and around the Southern Levant and Northwest Arabia; perhaps in areas like Judea, Edom and Moab. Stories about the Hyksos kings would have possibly remained strong within local lore of these areas.

1550-1350 BCE: A New Hope for Egypt
For Egypt, this was a time of great prosperity and imperial expansion. It was the glory days of the 18th dynasty, which saw its peak with the pharaoh Amenhotep III. The splendor and exploits of this great king was possibly the basis for the various grandiose legends that Jewish scribe-priests would much later attribute to their version of King Solomon. Of course the "real" Solomon wouldn't be around until about 400 years or so after the period when Amenhotep III reigned; accurate chronology never really matters to fanciful myth-makers. During the 18th dynasty, Egypt became a great imperial power and and conquered much of the coastal Levant region.

The Pharaohs had learned their grand lesson from the Hyksos debacle; the lesson being that they could no longer hunker down and exist as an isolationist hermit kingdom. They would have to interact with the wider world in one way or another, and this interaction had better be in a proactive, expansionist form. In other words, eat or be eaten. The second millennium BCE marked the beginning of the Age of the Ram. The old Age of the Bull (Taurus: roughly 4000-2000 BCE) policies that worked so well during the Old Kingdom would no longer cut it in this new age of countless wars and imperial aspirations. Several millennia of steady-as-she-goes agricultural existence had given way to a vigorous "heroic age" of hyper-vigorous tribal egos.

The most notable feature of the Ram Age (Aries) was perhaps the massive expansion of Indo-European warrior tribes from out of their original homeland on the Russian steppes and Southeastern Europe, to all across the vast expanses of Eurasia. By the middle of this millennium, Kassites were ruling the old Sumerian-Akkadian cultures of Mesopotamia, the Indo-Aryan Mittani people dominated much of Syria, the Hitties ruled a good portion of Anatolia, and of course the Hyksos reigned in Lower Egypt. And much further east, it was during this era when the Indo-Aryan peoples expanded from Central Asia into the Indian Subcontinent and establish their Vedic culture there; those who remained in Central Asia became the various Iranian peoples who would later play a major role on the world stage.

1350-1292 BCE: The Egyptian Time of Troubles (Amarna Period) and the emergence of proto-Monotheism
After the passing of the great Amenhotep III came his son, Amenhotep IV, who was better known to history as Akhenaten. This new king instituted a series of radical reforms that completely upended Egypt's old tradition order. Akhenaten created a completely new state religion based on the worship of one supreme solar god known as "the Aten." The old polytheistic priesthood based around the head god Amun-Ra, was effectively marginalized and put out of work. Akhenaten moved the capital from Thebes to a new capital city he built from scratch, situated about halfway between Thebes and Memphis. The old priesthood accounted for much of Egypt's incumbent ruling order and their ousting massively disrupted Egypt's domestic and cultural affairs. During Akhenaten's reign, a series of plagues, famines and economic disruptions wreaked havoc upon the Egyptian people and the government was unable to secure their imperial holdings in the Levant; because of this, the Levantine vassal states experienced constant raiding and plundering from brigand tribes known in the Amara Letters as "Hapiru" (the "Hapiru" were likely nomadic Amorites; perhaps descendants of the exiled Hyksos). In these letters we can see these vassal rulers desperately begging in vain for Akhenaten to send Egyptian reinforcements to help ward off these ferocious and bloodthirsty bandits. It seems like Akhenaten didn't have the support, will or resources to protect his dependencies. This series of calamities would have thoroughly convinced the average Egyptian that Akhenaten's radical changes greatly angered the gods and thus all this misfortune was divine punishment for these misdeeds. The old Priesthood would have easily capitalized upon this mass discontent and leveraged that in their efforts to forcibly remove Akhenaten from power and subsequently erase every vestige of his ill-fated regime. This is precisely what happened. The Theban priesthood and their military supporters overthrew Akhenaten and installed his young son Tutankhamun (Thoth-Ankh-Amun), the famous "King Tut" most elementary school students know about today. His reign didn't last very long and he was succeeded by a rapidly-succeeding revolving cast of military rulers which marked the end of the 18th dynasty. Some aspects of the Book of Exodus mythos was probably lifted from the actual events of this period. The "ten plagues" that befell the Egyptians may have been the plagues that happened under Akhenaten's reign. These plagues may have in fact been a result of the massive volcanic eruption of the Aegean island Thera.



1292-1200 BCE: The Empire Rises Again and the Second Exodus
With the 19th dynasty, Egypt sees a rapid restoration of order both at home and abroad. Ramesses II The last great native Egyptian pharaoh, led the reconquest of Canaan and it's very possible the events described in the Book of Joshua were actually a retelling of Ramesses' military campaigns in the region. That, or "Joshua" was a Canaanite vassal-warlord fighting on behalf of Ramesses expeditionary forces. Either way, there may have indeed been yet another Semitic exodus out of Egypt during the reign of Ramses. In this case, the people being exiled may have consisted of a Semitic agricultural serf class which had remained in the Nile Delta region after the Hyksos expulsion more than three centuries prior to the 19th dynasty's rise.

It was among these foreigners that perhaps the remaining members of the disgraced and deposed Aten cult sought refuge. In his book Moses and Monotheism, Sigmund Freud audaciously suggested that Moses was actually an native-born Egyptian, perhaps Thothmosis being his real name. In other words, he was not a Hebrew as the biblical narrative claims. Not only that, but this Moses was a high-ranking member of the Egyptian nobility and may have been a close follower of Akhenatan; perhaps a high priest of Aten, or at least an important official in Akhenatan's court.

This Moses would have been forced to flee after his master's deposal and if he sought refuge in the Delta region, he would have come into contact with many of the aforementioned serfs, ne'er-do-wells and other people of rock bottom social status. It's perhaps in this environment that Semitic people following a bellicose Canaanite storm god would have come into contact with the idea of a universal creator god concept. If there's any truth to this scenario then the god of Moses would have been Aten, a god with nearly nothing in common with the typical local nature gods of practically everywhere else. Anyway, by the time Ramesses came to power, this Moses would have likely been dead. But perhaps his memory and some of his teachings were kept alive among the rebel cult. Did Ramesses then put the Atenistm problem to bed for good by putting them to good use? By that I mean Ramesses' army may have escorted this entire population out of Egypt and into Canaan in exchange for them helping Egypt reconquer the region. Basically, there was no preposterous miracles or just-in-time plagues needed for this population transfer to take place. The new exiles would have surely been put in favorable positions of power and been afforded the best lands in exchange for aiding the pharaoh. Of course the Second Temple account obfuscates this likely-true history by demonizing the Egyptians and presenting them as being godless and arrogant adversaries of the Hebrews. I suppose it's quite easy to rewrite history 800 years or so after the fact.

***

In the next installment I'll be examining the Bronze Age collapse and the ensuing Dark Age. I'll be looking at how these events radically reshuffled the political landscape of the Mediterranean and the Near East regions and how the authors/editors of the Hebrew Bible threw their own historical spin on said events.

Profile

causticus: trees (Default)Causticus

April 2025

S M T W T F S
  12345
678 9101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930   

Syndicate

RSS Atom

Style Credit

Expand Cut Tags

No cut tags
Page generated Apr. 23rd, 2025 05:08 pm
Powered by Dreamwidth Studios